Terms and Names: Chapter 5

George III: (r. 1760-1820) Hannover. Presided over French Indian War, Britain became dominant power in America and India.

Proclamation of 1763: Following end of French Indian War, forbade colonists of the thirteen colonies from settling or buying land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Angered Iroquois who had land to the East.

Pontiac's War: (1763–1766) General Amherst imposes laws on Great Lakes Indians, who retaliate, use of biological warfare- smallpox on blankets. Contributing factor to Proclamation Act.

Quartering Act: (1765) Standing army during peacetime to be quartered in barracks or public places, and if no room, in unused buildings provided by the legislatures. Angered colonists as taxation without representation. Uncooperative legislatures. (1774) Governors could take charge if no housing was provided, housing in public buildings, but no provision requirements.



Sons of Liberty: secret organization of American patriots who took action against British imposition of power

Stamp Act Congress: (1765) Meeting of reps from 9/13 colonies to discuss Stamp Acts. All delegates loyal to George III.

Patrick Henry: led first protests in Virginia House of Burgesses against Stamp Act in May 1765.

William Pitt: Secretary of State of Britain during French Indian War.

Regulator Movement: (1764-1771) Uprising in North Carolina, lower class citizens took up arms against corrupt colonial officials who took advantage of the system.

Feudal Revival: (1730-1750) British landowners started to look to American holdings for money, crackdown for more money, most lucrative is Pennsylvania, quitrants were feudal taxes, direct w/out representation.

Gaspee Affair: (1772) British revinue ship runs aground while chasing an American ship, to collect dues. Was boarded by American patriots, burned.

Phillis Wheatley: African slave adopted by her white owner, taught to read and write, went on to write poetry, was emancipated by her family, brought to America at a young age, wrote poetry commending Christianization while deploring slavery.

Sarah Osborn: English immigrant who opened a school in Newport, Rhode Island, that admitted women and blacks.

Thomas Hutchinson: (1771-1774) governor of Massachusetts, house attacked and burned following passing of Stamp Act. Wrote general search warrants, government controlled solely by the Crown.

Thomas Gage: (1763-1775) British general in charge of North American forces. He and 2200 British try to take Breeds Hill from the Americans, after battle is replaced by General Howe.

Quebec Act: (1774) Act of the Parliament of Great Britain setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec: Expansion of territory to take over part of the Indian Reserve, Replaced the oath of allegiance so that it no longer made reference to the Protestant faith, Guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith, Restored the use of the French civil law for private matters while maintaining the use of the English common law for public administration, including criminal prosecution.

Continental Congress: (1774-1789) met three times, convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution.

Olive Branch Petition: (July 5, 1775) Said colonies did not want independence but that they merely wanted to negotiate trade and tax regulations with Great Britain. Didn’t work.

Thomas Paine: (1776) Common Sense, advocating colonial America's independence from the Great Britain, (1776–1783) The American Crisis, a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.

Declaration of Independence: (July 4, 1776) Thirteen colonies announcement to Great Britain that they are no longer part of the Kingdom.

Paul Revere: American patriot, helped organize an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the British military.

Grenville Administration: (1763-1765) opposed Walpole, prosecution of John Wilkes and the passing of the American Stamp Act 1765. Colonists disliked, dismissed in favor of Rockingham.

Paxton Boys: backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish from around Pennsylvania who wanted to kill any Indians possible, so killed friendly ones.

Sugar Act: (1764) imposed a tax of three pence per gallon of molasses, reducing the rate in half and increasing measures to enforce the tax, the British hoped that the tax would actually be collected. It wasn’t- economic impact (not taxation without representation) which inspired colonists to protest.

Stamp Act: (1765) required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the colonies to carry a tax stamp. Britain attempting to get out of debt, colonists protest, force tax men to resign so it is never fully enforced.

Virtual Representation: concept that men without the vote were “virtually” represented by members of Parliament. Sparked contest when thought of as misrepresentation in the colonies.

Nonimportation Agreements: With the Tea Act, Boston adopts nonimportation, but merchants are disinclined to fully adopt, though artisans are ok with it. Women were more hurt. (September 5, 1774) First continental congress delegates agree to not import British goods to hurt them economically.

Massachusetts Circular Letter: (1768) written by Samuel Adams, passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives, response to the Townshend Acts- tensions between the British Parliament, military occupation of Boston by the British Army.

Letter of a Pennsylvania Farmer: (1767) written by John Dickenson, a preeminent Philadelphia lawyer, advocated commercial protest against Great Britain, printed in every colonial newspaper
a. Denied distinction between internal and external taxes
b. Insisted that all parliamentary taxes for revenue violated colonists’ rights
c. Speculated about Townshend’s real motives

Battle of Alamance Creek: (1768) regulators refuse taxes: battle between regulators/frontier and moderators/coast

Boston Massacre: (March 5, 1770) Five civilian deaths by British soldiers, because of heavy British military presence in Boston.

Tea Act: (1773) East India Company gets monopoly on tea into America, colonists could boycott solely tea ships, wouldn’t let them into the port.

Revenue Act of 1766: law passed by Great Britain to enforce the provisions of the 1733 Sugar and Molasses Act. Lessened the tax but increased regulations.

Townshend Revenue Act: (1767) taxed common imports: lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea, new admiralty courts to try Americans and reaffirmed the legality of warrentless searches.

Declaratory Act: (1766) stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters. Colonists not too happy about this…

Coerecive Acts (Intolerable Acts): (1774) series of acts which imposed greater British rule, angered colonists. Contribute to Boston Tea Party.

First Continental Congress: delegates from twelve colonies, response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts by Parliament. In Philadelphia, attended by 55 members, organized an economic boycott of British trade, publish a list of rights and grievances, and petition King George for redress of those grievances. Still supported George.

Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill: (June 17, 1775) part of the Siege of Boston. Americans: Putnam, British: Howe. British won, but they suffered their greatest losses of the entire war.


Battles of Lexington and Concord: (April 19, 1755) outbreak of open armed combat between two forces.

Committee of Public Safety: (1760s)discuss the concerns of the time, militias under the control of committees, in communication with committees of correspondence.

Second Continental Congress: (May 10, 1775) managed the colonial war effort, and moved slowly towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, acted as the de facto national government of what became the United States, became known as the Congress of the Confederation.

Common Sense: (January 10, 1776)argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided, like a sermon and relied on Biblical references to make his case to the people.

Hessians: German troops that had been hired by King George III to help to suppress the American revolution



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