Stephen A. Douglas: supported popular sovereignty in Nebraska, largely compromised political future by supporting slavery in Kansas Nebraska Act, argued against Lincoln in the famous senate debates and won the senate seat, believed slavery an individual's decision
Abraham Lincoln: opposed Kansas Nebraska Act, 16th president, led country through Civil War, issued emancipation proclamation, opposed Douglas in Illinois senate debates.
American System of Manufacture: semi-skilled labor using machine tools and templates to make standardized, identical and interchangeable parts.
McCormick Reaper: created by Cyrus McCormick in 1834, helped the industrial revolution and American system of manufacture.
Kansas-Nebraska Act: created two new states, repealed Missouri Compromise, let settlers decide if they wanted slavery, ie popular sovereignty.
John C. Fremont: First republican candidate for president, known as the "pathfinder of the west," background as frontiersman.
Republican Party: one of the two major political parties in the United Sates, founded by anti-slavery activists, Lincoln was the first republican president.
The Impending Crisis of the South: a book written by Hinton Helper that attacked slavery as insufficient and a barrier o white economic opportunity.
King Cotton: term used in the south to illuminate the importance of the cotton crop to the confederate economy.
Hinton Rowan Helper: southern US critic of slavery in the 1850s, wrote The Impending Crisis of the South.
Nativism: opposition to immigrants, especially Catholic. Broke down the Whig party and created the Know-Nothings.
Know-Nothings: Nativism political movement, involving joining of two secret orders to create one party, maintaining that they "knew nothing," and who would eventually smoosh into the Republican party.
Panic of 1857: sudden downturn in the economy characterized by the failure of banks and businesses and brought on following the drop in grain prices at the end of the Crimean War in Europe. The panic was brief but affected the north disproportionately worse because of their manufacture-based economy.
Wendell Philips: American abolitionist in the 1850s, an amazing orator and agitator, influenced heavily by William Lloyd Garrison.
Bleeding Kansas: a series of bloody events involving free-states and pro-slavery "border ruffians," struggle over slavery in kansas.
"Border Ruffians": pro-slavery Missourians hat voted illegally in Kansas elections to secure a slavery-allowing constitution, and government.
Lecompton Constitution: rival proposal for constitution of Kansas to the previously proposed, anti-slavery "Topeka" constitution.
George Fitzhigh: Virginian author of two books containing comparisons of free labor, capitalism, and slavery that made slavery seem beneficial.
Charles Sumner: Massachusetts senator, and anti-slavery Republican devoted his energies to taking down the "slave power" who got caned by Preston Brooks
Preston Brooks: congressman from the south that tried to avenge a relative (Butler)'s honor by caning Senator Charles Sumner.
"Crime Against Kansas" Speech: speech by Charles Sumner given two days before Missourian "border ruffians" attacked Lawrence, Kansas. It attacked Kansas-Nebraska Act. Resulted in Sumner's being caned.
Dred Scott: slave who sued for his freedom in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case of 1857: ruled that blacks weren't citizens and couldn't bring suit in federal court, and that Missouri Compromise was once and for all null and void.
Roger B. Taney: supreme court Justice who delivered the majority decision in the Dred Scott case. Appointed during Jackson presidency.
Freeport Question: question during the second Lincoln-Douglas debate which, despite Douglas' winning the election, would take down his future political career. Lincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between popular sovereignty and the Dred Scott Case ruling, on the issue of slavery in the territories.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates: a series of seven debates between Lincoln and Douglas for an Illinois senate seat. Drew citizens from surrounding states because of heft of slavery issue.
John Brown: American abolitionist who advocated and practiced rebellion as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre and assault on harper's fairy.
Paattawatomie Creek: massacre in 1856 in response to the Sacking of Lawrence, led by John Brown, the killed five pro-slavery "dudes" with broadswords. Bad-a? I think yes.
Harper's Ferry: John Brown raided the Armory here in 1859 with the help of several freed slaves, he hoped to instill a slave revolt in the south. Legit fed troops were sent in, and everyone was made aware of the excessive freak out, aka catalyst to Civil War.
James Buchanan: 15th President, northerner with southern sympathies, remained inactive in lead-up to civil war because he believed both secession and war to stop secession were illegal.
Ideology: of free labour, that slavery is taking away from the market competition for jobs and perpetuating the poor classes.
Northern Economy: grain, mostly industrialized, based on textiles, with a higher per capita, though there was a much larger working class, with a very poor standard of living.
Souther Economy: based in cotton, tobacco and other raw product export, mostly from slavery driven plantations, massive slavery population.
Immigration: the movement of people among countries while
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