Massive Retaliaiton: Eisenhower administration's doctrine. Gambled that he threat of US nuclear weapons would check Soviet expansion.
Fulgencio Batista: Cuba's corrupt dictator tat was applauded by the US, CIA secretly trained his security forces.
Fidel Castro: leftist politician that overthrew Batista in Cuba, tried to curtail Cuba's dependance on the US.
U-2 Incident: Soviets shot down a U-2 spy plane over their territory, causing a 1960 Paris summit meeting to fall apart.
John Foster Dulles: Eisenhower's Secretary of State, talked about anti-communism aimed at "liberation" rather than containment.
Richard Nixon: Eisenhower's vice president, toasted Cuba's Fulgencio Batista and called him "Cuba's Abraham Lincoln."
Gamal Abdel Nasser: overthrew Egypt's corrupt monarchy, wanted to spread "positive neutralism" to other nations, nationalized the Suez Canal after US pulled their support.
Suez Crisis: Britain attacked Egypt to retain control of the Suez Canal, Americans pulled out financing for the Aswan Dam.
Eisenhower Doctrine: the president's pledge to defend Middle Eastern countries from aggression by communist nations.
Ho Chi Minh: communist leader that took over Indochina, won rebellion and established Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
Geneva Peace Accords: removed French fores from Indochina, divided it into Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia. US refused to sign it.
Ngo Dinh Diem: leader of the pro-US government in South Korea. Unpopular, became more and more dependent on US intervention.
Domino Theory: theory that once one asian country became communist, all the others would soon follow suit.
Open Skies Proposal: Eisenhower's proposal that allowed US and Soviets to fly over each other's territories to make sure military reduction was really happening.
Highway Act of 1956: costly construction of a network of super highways justified with national security considerations.
C. Wright Mills: sociologist that disagreed with popular view that other groups had power against giant corporations.
John Kenneth Galbraith: celebrated Harvard economist that wrote The Affluent Society and believed groups had power against corporations.
The Organization Man: by sociology William Whyte claimed corporate business created conformity, criticized many aspects of big business.
Pluralism: the dominant view that no single group could hope to dominate the political process in the US.
Norman Vincent Peale: protestant minister who linked religious faith with peace of mind, became popular figure and sold lots of books.
Chuck Berry: black singer who merged Southern Hillbilly music with St. Louis blues.
Dwight MacDonald: US writer, social critic, pilosopher, political radical, had popular magazine, preached pacifim and individual anarchism.
Elvis Presley: former truck driver, turned into a pop singer, thrilled young admirers, trou bled older generation.
The Blackboard Jungle: hit movie about gang of interracial students that terrorized teachers and mocked adult authority.
Tootle the Engine: children's book in which train was made to conform in order to be normal adn prosperous, advocated following others.
Earl Warren: former Republican governor from California, appointed as a chief justice.
Brown v. Board of Education: declared state mandated segregation of public shools unconstitutional, encouraged equal rights.
Southern Manifesto: signed by 100 House and Senate members, declared desegregation, was against states' rights of the South.
Rosa Parks: arrested in Montgomery, AL, for defying local bus segregation , sparked boycott of public transit.
Reverand Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.: ATL, formed SCLC, leader of Civil Rights movement.
Civil Rights Act of 1957: established new procedures for expending lawsuits on right to vote cases, created commission on civil rights.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference: formed by MLK and other black ministers, demanded desegregation of public facilities and registered black voters.
Orval Faubus: Arkansas segregationist governor, sent in Arkansas National guard to block mandated desegregation of schools.
Termination/Relocation: termination got rid of native american tribes and made indians US citizens. Relocation encouraged native americans to move and seek urban jobs.
Bracero Program: brought Mexicans in on short-term contracts to work on agricultural jobs, many stayed in US after contracts expired.
Operation Wetback: starting in 1950, policy targeting undocumented Mexican workers by rounding them up and deporting them.
"Redlining:" banks and loan institutions refused to give funds for home buying and business starting in "decaying" areas- ie racial discrimination.
"The Projects:" publicly built housing in cities. Had few amenities, last resort for those with low incomes and no future for advancement.
Barry Goldwater: ruggedly handsome, won AZ senate in 1952, spokesperson that opposed Ike's insufficiently conservative policies.
William F. Buckley, Jr.: publisher, Roman Catholic, wrote God and Man, at Yale. Attacked antireligious tilt in US higher education.
National Review: founded partly by Buckly, weekly magazine that attracted talented writers, avoided extremist opinion, wanted to build up right wing.
National Defense Education Act of 1958: gave federal money to support college level programs in science, engineering, foreign language, and social science.
John F. Kenedy: Harvard graduate, military honors, socialite, won presidency in 1960, "New Frontier," program. Catholic democrat.
Jacqueline Bouvier: Kennedy's wife. Huge media figure, dressed stylishly and mingled with movie stars, fluent in many languages. HOT.
Flexible Response: FDR's plan to spend more on defense to battle communism, mutual deterrence at strategic, tactical, conventional.
Peace Corps: created by JFK to send young americans around the world on development projects to undercut communism.
Alliance for Progress: last minute Latin American policy gave $20 million to countries that instituted land reform, hoped to get away from dictators, FAIL.
Berlin Wall: after JFK refused to give West Berlin back to the soviets, they built a wall and shot down people trying to escape.
Bahia de Cochinas (Bay of Pigs): EPIC FAIL, cuban exiles attempted Cuban overthrow with US help, fostered anti-Yankee sentiment because CIA was involved.
Robert McNamara: JFK's Secretary of Defense.
Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviets sent nuclear weapons to Cuba, US freaked out beut came to peace agreement by taking nukes out of Turkey.
Area Redevelopment Bill: gave federal grants and loans to areas that had been passed by economic growth of post-war years.
New Frontier: JFK's policy on civil rights, higher minimum wage, national defense, and tariff reductions.
Freedom Riders: civil rights activists, rode busses around the country, risking riots to get the bus systems integrated.
Sit-in Movement: many young black activists sat at public places and demanded to be served the same as whites.
March on Washington: 200,000 integrated marched to the Lincoln Memorial, demanded broader rights agenda, put pressure on government.
Birmingham: Dogs and high powered hoses used on desegregationists, church bombed, people began to riot and police killed kids.
The Feminine Mystique: published by Betty Friedan, helped spark new feminist movement, fought domestic life and lack of public votes available.
Betty Friedan: wrote The Feminine Mystique, feminist.
Lee Harvey Oswald: had bizarre political ties, lived in Soviet Union, arrested for assassination of JFK, pleaded innocent, killed before trial.
Jack Ruby: killed oswald when he was being transfered between courthouses, owned Dallas nightclub that catered to powerful crime figures.
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